Field n of type type can t be used in multifields – How to solve this Elasticsearch exception

Opster Team

August-23, Version: 7.14-8.9

Briefly, this error occurs when you try to use a field type in a multifield that is not supported by Elasticsearch. Multifields are used to index a single field in different ways, but not all field types are compatible. To resolve this issue, you can either change the field type to one that is compatible with multifields, or remove the field from the multifield configuration. Alternatively, you can create a separate field with the desired type and use a copy_to directive to copy the values from the original field.

This guide will help you check for common problems that cause the log ” Field [” + n + “] of type [” + type + “] can’t be used in multifields ” to appear. To understand the issues related to this log, read the explanation below about the following Elasticsearch concepts: index.

 
 

index

Overview

In Elasticsearch, an index (plural: indices) contains a schema and can have one or more shards and replicas. An Elasticsearch index is divided into shards and each shard is an instance of a Lucene index.

Indices are used to store the documents in dedicated data structures corresponding to the data type of fields. For example, text fields are stored inside an inverted index whereas numeric and geo fields are stored inside BKD trees.

Examples

Create index

The following example is based on Elasticsearch version 5.x onwards. An index with two shards, each having one replica will be created with the name test_index1

PUT /test_index1?pretty
{
    "settings" : {
        "number_of_shards" : 2,
        "number_of_replicas" : 1
    },
    "mappings" : {
        "properties" : {
            "tags" : { "type" : "keyword" },
            "updated_at" : { "type" : "date" }
        }
    }
}

List indices

All the index names and their basic information can be retrieved using the following command:

GET _cat/indices?v

Index a document

Let’s add a document in the index with the command below:

PUT test_index1/_doc/1
{
  "tags": [
    "opster",
    "elasticsearch"
  ],
  "date": "01-01-2020"
}

Query an index

GET test_index1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

Query multiple indices

It is possible to search multiple indices with a single request. If it is a raw HTTP request, index names should be sent in comma-separated format, as shown in the example below, and in the case of a query via a programming language client such as python or Java, index names are to be sent in a list format.

GET test_index1,test_index2/_search

Delete indices

DELETE test_index1

Common problems

  • It is good practice to define the settings and mapping of an Index wherever possible because if this is not done, Elasticsearch tries to automatically guess the data type of fields at the time of indexing. This automatic process may have disadvantages, such as mapping conflicts, duplicate data and incorrect data types being set in the index. If the fields are not known in advance, it’s better to use dynamic index templates.
  • Elasticsearch supports wildcard patterns in Index names, which sometimes aids with querying multiple indices, but can also be very destructive too. For example, It is possible to delete all the indices in a single command using the following commands:
DELETE /*

To disable this, you can add the following lines in the elasticsearch.yml:

action.destructive_requires_name: true
 
 

 
 

Log Context

Log “Field [” + n + “] of type [” + type + “] can’t be used in multifields” class name is FieldMapper.java. We extracted the following from Elasticsearch source code for those seeking an in-depth context :

 }  public static BiConsumer notInMultiFields(String type) {
 return (n; c) -> {
 if (c.isWithinMultiField()) {
 throw new MapperParsingException("Field [" + n + "] of type [" + type + "] can't be used in multifields");
 }
 };
 }  /**

 

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